Bitcoin mining makers plan Hong Kong IPOs
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Three of the world’s largest bitcoin mining equipment makers plan to raise billions of dollars with initial public offerings in Hong Kong, even as other companies report plunging demand for the chips needed to make bitcoin and a halving in the price of the cryptocurrency.
Soaring cryptocurrency prices last year triggered a boom in demand for specialist mining chips and in developing “mines” – facilities with thousands of machines that create the coins by solving complex mathematical puzzles.
Yet the U.S. chipmaker Nvidia said this month that second-quarter sales to crypto miners totaled just $18 million, compared with $100 million expected by analysts.
Nvidia’s chief financial officer, Colette Kress, said she anticipated “no contribution” to revenues from cryptocurrency in coming months.
That has raised concerns about the upcoming Hong Kong listings by three Chinese manufacturers of bitcoin mining equipment, Bitmain, Canaan and Ebang International Holdings.
The companies all design high-end computer chips intended for mining cryptocurrencies, particularly bitcoin, and sell mining equipment containing the chips. In addition, Bitmain mines cryptocurrencies on its own account. Companies like Nvidia also sell specialty chips used for mining.
“The marked decline in the price of bitcoin since the start of the year is likely to weigh on investors’ interest in these companies,” said Benjamin Quinlan, chief executive of financial services consultancy Quinlan & Associates.
But, he added, “the fall in the price of bitcoin from its peaks has not been matched by an equivalent fall in the numbers of people mining it.”
Bitcoin is currently trading at $6,699, down 64 percent from its December 2017 peak of $18,690. Daily mining revenue was 77 percent lower than in December, according to Blockchain.info, a data analytics and wallet provider.
“As the bitcoin price decreases, so does the profitability of mining itself, which decreases demand for mining chips and miners,” said Wang Leilei, a consultant at financial services consultancy Kapronasia.
“the fall in the price of bitcoin from its peaks has not been matched by an equivalent fall in the numbers of people mining it.”
It is not just the price of bitcoin that is causing worries.
People close to the IPOs said regulatory scrutiny and a patchy performance by Hong Kong offerings this year were additional concerns.
Julian Hosp, president of TenX, a Singapore-based blockchain firm, has also warned that if coins switch mining algorithms, then the machines designed to mine them would become useless.
“I would be quite wary of investing in these miners,” Hosp said, referring to the equipment makers. “They are not long-term businesses and I think they’ve had their uptrend for now.”
Canaan and Ebang filed plans in May and June respectively for floats in Hong Kong, while Bitmain is expected to file its plans next month for an IPO in which it aims to raise at least $3 billion, sources close to the deal said.
Cryptocurrency trading is a global activity, but Chinese chipmakers have led the way in developing the most efficient means to mine the coins.
Bitmain had three quarters of the market for the specialist chips last year, followed by Canaan on 14 percent, according to estimates by analysts at Bernstein.
Ebang is aiming to raise up to $1 billion, according to sources, while Canaan is targeting at least $400 million – down from a figure of up to $2 billion touted earlier this year by people involved in the deal.
While EBang is expected to face Hong Kong’s listing committee in September – a key approval needed for marketing the IPO – Canaan’s offering is taking longer.
A source close to Bitmain’s IPO said the company was aware about the potential for close regulatory scrutiny.
Questions & Answers
Q.Which specific companies are planning initial public offerings in Hong Kong?
Which specific companies are planning initial public offerings in Hong Kong?
Three Chinese manufacturers of bitcoin mining equipment, Bitmain, Canaan, and Ebang International Holdings, are planning IPOs. Bitmain is expected to file next month, while Canaan and Ebang filed plans in May and June respectively.
Q.What are the main financial concerns for investors considering these IPOs?
What are the main financial concerns for investors considering these IPOs?
The decline in bitcoin's price and daily mining revenue, which affects mining profitability and demand for equipment, is a major concern. Analysts also expected higher sales from chipmakers like Nvidia for crypto mining.
Q.What other issues, beyond cryptocurrency price, could affect the success of these IPOs?
What other issues, beyond cryptocurrency price, could affect the success of these IPOs?
Regulatory scrutiny and a generally patchy performance by other Hong Kong offerings this year are additional concerns. There is also a risk that changes in mining algorithms could render existing equipment useless.
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